Overview of Dam Types
Dams are the most recognisable features of hydro-electric schemes. They are constructed to provide water storages which in turn provide a continuous supply of 'fuel' to spin the turbines.
The type of dam to be built depends of a range of factors:
- the height of water to be stored
- the shape and size of the valley at the proposed construction site
- the geology of the valley walls and floor
- the availability, quality and cost of construction materials
- the availability and cost of labour and machinery.
The ability of the dam to withstand the pressure of water built up behind it depends on its weights and/or shape. The dam also needs to be made of (or contain) material that prevents water flowing through it.
Dams can be grouped in two major categories on the basis of their composition - embankment dams (rockfill and earthfill) and concrete dams.
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